The
oldest of the hypnotic (sleep inducing} depressants,
chloral hydrate was first synthesized in 1832.
Marketed as syrups or soft gelatin capsules, chloral
hydrate takes effect in a relatively short time
(30 minutes) and will induce sleep in about an
hour. A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol
constituted the infamous "knockout drops"
or "Mickey Finn." At therapeutic doses,
chloral hydrate has little effect on respiration
and blood pressure; however; a toxic dose produces
severe respiratory depression and very low blood
pressure. Chronic use is associated with liver
damage and a severe withdrawal syndrome. Although
some physicians consider chloral hydrate to be
the drug of choice for sedation of children before
diagnostic, dental, or medical procedures, its
general use as a hypnotic has declined. Chloral
hydrate (Noctec® and other) and compounds,
preparations, or mixtures containing choral hydrate
are in Schedule IV of the CSA.
SIGNS OF OVERDOSE:
Confusion (continuing); convulsions
(seizures); difficulty in swallowing; drowsiness
(severe); low body temperature ; nausea, vomiting,
or stomach pain (severe); shortness of breath
or troubled breathing; slow or irregular heartbeat;
slurred speech; staggering; weakness (severe)
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